The Serra da Arrábida, located on Portugal's Setúbal Peninsula, has officially been recognized as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. This significant environmental designation was announced on September 27, 2025, during a ceremony in Hangzhou, China, concluding the World Congress of Biosphere Reserves. The recognition highlights the region's unique ecological value and its commitment to sustainable coexistence between humans and nature.
The newly established reserve covers 200 square kilometers, encompassing a diverse array of ecosystems. These include the dramatic Atlantic coastline with its limestone cliffs, dense Mediterranean scrublands, and ancient pine forests. This varied landscape serves as a vital sanctuary for biodiversity, housing over 1,400 plant species, which constitutes approximately 40% of Portugal's total flora. The area is also notable for its high number of rare and endemic species, as well as a rich fauna comprising 200 vertebrate species and over 2,000 marine species.
This UNESCO designation signifies a global endorsement of Arrábida's dedication to sustainable development practices. The region is characterized by the harmonious integration of its 68,000 inhabitants with traditional activities such as artisanal fishing and local agriculture. The designation is anticipated to further support these efforts, positioning Arrábida as a model for balancing conservation with human activities.
The application process for this designation was a collaborative endeavor, led by the Association of Municipalities of the Setúbal Region, with support from the Municipalities of Palmela, Sesimbra, and Setúbal, alongside the Institute for Nature Conservation and Forests. The UNESCO committee commended the application as "very well documented." The Serra da Arrábida now joins a global network of 785 Biosphere Reserves, including well-known sites like the Galápagos Islands and Yellowstone.
This inclusion provides Arrábida with a platform for enhanced international collaboration, research, and the exchange of best practices in conservation and sustainable living. The World Congress of Biosphere Reserves, where the announcement was made, convened approximately 4,000 representatives from over 150 countries to focus on shaping a sustainable future for people and nature. The congress resulted in key documents such as the Hangzhou Strategic Action Plan and the Hangzhou Declaration, offering a roadmap for the future of biosphere reserves worldwide.