An extensive ecological restoration initiative is currently in progress within the Sierra Salinas, located in Yecla, Spain. The project's main goal is to improve the conservation status of its forest ecosystems and to promote greater biodiversity in this protected natural area.
The project, officially named 'Treatments for the improvement of the floristic communities of the Sierra Salinas Protected Natural Space,' is specifically focused on encouraging the growth and expansion of holm oak forests, which include the species Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia. It also aims to increase the presence of other native plant species of significant ecological value, such as the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) and butcher's broom (Ruscus aculeatus). These conservation efforts will be implemented across 5.25 hectares of publicly owned land within the Sierra Salinas protected zone.
The planned interventions involve a variety of silvicultural treatments, including thinning, pruning, and coppicing, along with the removal of vegetation debris. To further support the ecosystem's health, barriers will be constructed using woody debris. These structures are designed to help retain soil moisture and reduce erosion, a critical issue in Mediterranean ecosystems where soil loss can average around 0.5 tons per hectare annually, nearly double the European average. Specialized environmental monitoring will be conducted throughout the project's duration to ensure its effectiveness and allow for strategy adaptation.
Holm oak forests are fundamental to the Mediterranean landscape, vital for biodiversity by providing habitat and sustenance for numerous species, including wild boar and various birds. They also play a crucial role in soil conservation and water retention, contributing to the health of underground aquifers. The strawberry tree, another key species in this restoration, is recognized for its ability to prevent soil erosion and regenerate quickly after fires, while also offering essential food and shelter for wildlife. Butcher's broom contributes to the overall ecological richness of these woodland areas. Silvicultural practices like thinning and pruning are essential for forest management and restoration, enhancing the growth, quality, and composition of forest stands for long-term health and resilience. The removal of vegetation debris and the construction of soil retention barriers directly address soil erosion and water scarcity challenges prevalent in the Mediterranean region. The project's focus on native flora and biodiversity aligns with broader conservation goals aimed at strengthening the ecological resilience of valuable natural spaces like the Sierra Salinas.