Greece has launched an ambitious initiative, "BIAS II: Biodiversity in Archaeological Sites," building on the success of its predecessor to safeguard the rich flora and fauna within its historical locations. The program aims to meticulously document and preserve unique ecosystems thriving in these ancient landscapes.
Initial findings reveal that while Greece's archaeological sites cover less than one percent of the nation's land, they harbor eleven percent of its total biodiversity. This highlights the significant, unexpected role these historical areas play as sanctuaries for a vast array of species, reinforcing Greece's status as a European biodiversity hotspot.
The BIAS II program employs a dual approach: recording current flora and fauna while conducting historical research to understand species present from antiquity through the 18th century. This comprehensive strategy is crucial for the long-term preservation of invaluable natural and cultural heritage, integrating conservation with the sustainability of archaeological sites and their connection to local communities.
The BIAS II program, funded with €1.09 million, is a continuation of the successful BIAS I project, which documented over 10,460 species across 20 iconic sites, many of which are UNESCO World Heritage sites or Natura 2000 network.
BIAS II will expand its scope to 35 archaeological sites across Greece, including Mycenae, Knossos, Vergina, and Amphipolis, as well as island sites like Kastellorizo and Samos. The research will explore the intricate relationship between humans, history, and the natural environment, examining how biodiversity has evolved and its deep connection with human society. This interdisciplinary approach, drawing from biology, archaeology, and environmental studies, aims to map the dynamic interplay between the natural environment, climate, micro-ecosystems, and human activity.
Greece's rich biodiversity is further emphasized by its high number of endemic species. Mountainous regions, such as Taygetos in the Peloponnese and Idi in Crete, are identified as critical hotspots for endemic invertebrates, underscoring the importance of these elevated landscapes for conservation. The initiative recognizes that these ancient sites are not merely repositories of the past but are living ecosystems requiring careful stewardship for the future.