In June 2025, archaeologists discovered the Palaspata temple complex in the Bolivian highlands. This finding sheds new light on the Tiwanaku civilization's southeastern expansion. The research was led by Penn State University in collaboration with Bolivian specialists.
The Palaspata temple is located about 130 miles southeast of the main Tiwanaku archaeological zone. The site was previously overlooked due to its remote location. Advanced remote sensing technologies and traditional methods were used to map the area.
The temple complex covers an area of approximately 125 by 145 meters. It includes fifteen quadrangular enclosures surrounding a rectangular courtyard. Its location was strategic for trade, diplomatic exchange, and cultural integration.
Aerial and satellite imaging, including UAVs (drones), were used to discover the site. Photogrammetry created detailed 3D models. The complex was aligned with celestial events, specifically the solar equinox.
Ceramic fragments of keru cups, used for drinking chicha, were found. Chicha is a fermented maize beverage used in Andean rituals. The presence of maize suggests the site's role in redistributing goods across different ecological zones.
The discovery redefines the extent of Tiwanaku's influence, suggesting a more structured state apparatus than previously recognized. It implies a network of settlements managing resources and territorial integration.
Collaboration with local communities was essential. The mayor of Caracollo, Justo Ventura Guarayo, highlighted the significance of the findings. Efforts are underway to protect the site and promote sustainable tourism.
Radiocarbon dating confirmed the temple's timeframe within the Tiwanaku horizon, placing the site during the civilization's flourishing period, between the first millennium and its collapse around 1000 CE. It was potentially linked to its expansionist phase.
The discovery raises questions about state formation and cultural integration. Palaspata shows how environmental diversity was used to support large populations and cultural exchange. This research highlights the interplay of ecology, economy, and ideology.
The study was published in the journal Antiquity. It emphasizes the importance of modern technology in uncovering ancient civilizations. The researchers stress the need for investment in archaeological research.
The project involved Penn State University, Bolivian partners, and international researchers. It was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation, showcasing a global effort in exploring and protecting archaeological heritage.