Scientists are actively studying Pangea Ultima, a future supercontinent predicted to form in approximately 250 million years. This event is part of Earth's supercontinent cycle, where landmasses assemble, remain stable, and then break apart over 300-500 million years. Recent climate predictions for 2025-2029 indicate a high likelihood of exceeding 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, underscoring the importance of understanding long-term climate impacts.
The formation of Pangea Ultima could lead to extreme climate conditions. Studies suggest that the merger of continents will result in increased volcanic activity and a brighter sun, leading to higher temperatures. Interior regions of the supercontinent may experience average summer temperatures between 50°C and 65°C, making them uninhabitable for most mammals. These conditions are exacerbated by increased carbon dioxide levels and reduced coastlines.
While the exact configuration of Pangea Ultima remains uncertain, scientists are using climate models to predict its impact. These models consider factors such as continentality, solar radiation, and carbon dioxide levels to understand the potential consequences for life on Earth. Ongoing research aims to provide insights into the long-term habitability of our planet, with focus on understanding the tipping points that can lead to major extinction events. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) forecasts that global temperatures will likely remain at or near record levels in the coming years, reinforcing the urgency of climate research.