Orcas are gradually moving into Arctic waters as climate change melts sea ice, according to a recent study. Scientists from Canada have identified two genetically distinct populations of orcas in this region.
The research highlights potential consequences for other whale species, such as belugas, narwhals, and bowhead whales, which may become prey for these apex predators. Colin Garroway, an evolutionary geneticist at the University of Manitoba, noted that the presence of orcas could disrupt existing ecosystems.
As Arctic waters warm, they become accessible to traditionally subarctic species like orcas. Previously considered rare visitors, orca sightings have increased significantly. Garroway's team found that the two distinct orca populations exhibit different feeding behaviors and vocalizations, suggesting they do not recognize each other as potential mates.
The study, published in Global Change Biology, emphasizes the ecological importance of preserving whale species that are culturally and economically significant to Indigenous communities, as their survival is threatened by the shifting dynamics caused by orcas.
Despite the challenges, Garroway's research continues, revealing that the ecology of Arctic orcas remains largely unknown, especially regarding their winter habitats.