Japan has reached a significant demographic milestone, with the number of centenarians now approaching 100,000. This marks the 55th consecutive year of growth in the centenarian population, with over 4,600 new centenarians recorded in the past year alone. As of September 1, 2025, the total number of individuals aged 100 and over reached 99,763, an increase of 4,644 from the previous year. Women constitute the vast majority of this group, making up approximately 88% of centenarians. Nationally, there are about 80.58 individuals over 100 years old for every 100,000 inhabitants, with some prefectures showing double this concentration. The nation's average life expectancy in 2024 was 81.09 years for men and 87.13 years for women.
Experts widely attribute Japan's exceptional longevity to a combination of factors, with the traditional Japanese diet being a cornerstone. This diet is celebrated for its nutritional richness, emphasizing fish, soy-based foods, abundant vegetables, and green tea. Rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and fiber, it contributes to reduced risks of cardiovascular disease and lower obesity rates compared to many Western nations. Practices like 'hara hachi bu,' or eating until 80% full, also support healthy weight management and overall vitality.
Complementing the dietary approach is Japan's robust universal healthcare system, which places a strong emphasis on preventative care. This includes comprehensive vaccination programs, prenatal care, and proactive measures for critical illness prevention through regular health screenings and early detection. This focus on prevention helps individuals maintain health and address potential issues before they become serious, significantly contributing to the nation's high life expectancy.
Beyond diet and healthcare, social and cultural elements play a vital role. Strong community and family ties foster a sense of belonging and purpose, often referred to as 'ikigai,' which is linked to sustained mental and physical activity well into older age. This interconnectedness and active engagement are seen as crucial contributors to both physical and mental well-being.
While genetic predispositions may offer some advantage, the primary drivers of Japan's leading global longevity statistics are understood to be its social, cultural, and public health conditions. However, this demographic success presents ongoing challenges. The increasing number of elderly individuals places considerable pressure on pension and healthcare systems, while a shrinking workforce raises concerns about economic sustainability. Japan is actively exploring solutions to these demographic shifts, including policies to encourage longer workforce participation and support for families, aiming to balance its aging population with economic vitality.