De Nederlandse Gebarentaal (NGT) has a rich and complex history. NGT, or Dutch Sign Language, is the native language of approximately 10,000 people in the Netherlands. Since July 1, 2021, NGT has been officially recognized as a language in the Netherlands, obligating the government to promote its use in society.
In 1790, the Groningen preacher Henri Daniel Guyot founded the first Dutch school for the deaf, inspired by the French priest Charles-Michel de l'Épée. These schools became centers where deaf students from different regions came together, leading to the development of a common sign language. This common sign language formed the basis for the current NGT.
In 1880, an international congress in Milan decided that sign language should no longer be used in education for the deaf, believing that the use of gestures would hinder the development of speech skills. This led to a period where sign language went underground in the Netherlands, although deaf people continued to communicate with each other through gestures.
The recognition of NGT as a full-fledged language was made possible by the work of the American linguist William Stokoe. In the 1960s, he proved that sign languages, such as ASL, are full-fledged languages with their own grammar and structure. His research led to a broader acceptance and recognition of sign languages worldwide.
The recognition of NGT in 2021 obligates the government to promote the use of NGT in society. For example, in crisis and emergency situations, the government must translate messages into NGT, and sign language users may take an oath or promise in NGT. With the recognition of NGT in 2021, the status of sign language in the Netherlands has changed.
The law on the recognition of sign language ensures equal treatment and access to important services. This law states that sign language must be integrated into education, which increases educational opportunities for deaf and hard-of-hearing children. Although the recognition of NGT is an important step, there is still work to be done.
Many people are insufficiently aware of the nuances of sign language and the needs of its users. Initiatives such as information campaigns and training for staff are essential to increase this awareness and promote inclusivity. The Dutch Sign Language has experienced a turbulent history, from oppression to recognition.
With the official recognition in 2021, NGT has become a full-fledged language, but the path to full acceptance and integration into society has not yet been fully completed. It is important that both the government and society continue to work on promoting the use and acceptance of NGT.