The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is a striking animal native to South America, with its primary habitat in Brazil. This canid, a symbol of the Cerrado, stands out with its elegant stature, reddish fur, and long legs. These characteristics pique the curiosity of researchers, environmentalists, and wildlife enthusiasts alike.
Despite its name, the maned wolf is not closely related to the wolves of the Northern Hemisphere. It belongs to its own genus, Chrysocyon, meaning "golden dog" in Greek. It is the sole representative of this lineage, making it a unique animal in the world.
The maned wolf's extremely long legs are one of its defining features, serving a practical purpose. They facilitate movement through the tall, dense vegetation of the Cerrado. These legs enable the animal to walk long distances and spot prey more easily.
Unlike many canids, the maned wolf does not live in packs. It is a solitary animal occupying large territories, up to 30 km². Contact between males and females mainly occurs during the breeding season.
With predominantly crepuscular and nocturnal habits, the maned wolf is most active during twilight, at night, and in the early morning. This behavior is linked to the Cerrado's climate, which is very hot during the day. It also helps the wolf avoid encounters with predators and humans.
The maned wolf is an omnivore with a surprisingly diverse diet. It feeds on small rodents, birds, amphibians, insects, and native fruits. The lobeira fruit is a well-known food source. It provides energy and helps protect against intestinal parasites.
Unlike traditional wolves, the maned wolf does not howl. Its main form of vocalization is a "long bark," also known as roars or deep growls. These sounds communicate presence, attract mates during the reproductive period, or keep rivals away from the territory.
Although protected by environmental laws, the maned wolf faces several threats. Deforestation of the Cerrado, agricultural expansion, fires, and roadkill are major risk factors. Hunting also occurs, despite being prohibited.
The species is classified as "near threatened" by the IUCN and as "vulnerable" in Brazil. This requires conservation and protection efforts in all regions where it is found. The maned wolf's image carries great symbolic value.
It was chosen as the animal on the R$ 200 note, reinforcing its importance as a Brazilian biodiversity asset. It is frequently cited in legends, stories, and environmental campaigns. Its figure represents the strength and beauty of the Cerrado.